Two Photon Absorption Cross Section
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Two photon absorption cross section. Two photon absorption in a material can be quantified by the two photon absorption cross section a quantity that is proportional to the imaginary component of the χ 3 tensor or on a molecular level to the imaginary component of γ and depends on the photon energy energies. In honor of the fundamental contribution of maria goeppert mayer to this area the unit for the two photon absorption cross section is named the gm. To date there has been no comprehensive investigation of two photon absorptivity of commercial photoinitiators though a few studies presenting novel photoinitiators for two photon polymerization have appeared.
The conversion from tpa cross section expressed in cm 4 gw 1 σ to that in gm units σ can be done using the following equation. The molecular two photon cross section is usually quoted in the units of goeppert mayer gm after its discoverer nobel laureate maria goeppert mayer where 1 gm is 10 50 cm 4 s photon 1. Many of the reported 2pa induced polymerizations make use of commercially available photoinitiators and a key parameter to consider is the two photon absorption cross section δ of the initiator.
One gm is 10 50 cm 4 s photon 1. Nationalbureauof stanaaros library mlmmin bids gep251969 r nsrds nbs29 a111d1 67174 i tiotoncrosssections nbs attenuationcoefficients and natlinstofstandards techrtc. The central parameter of the new model is a two photon absorption molecular cross section σtpa while the concentration or population density of the species being in ground state n0 is is detached from the absorption constant as follows.
Two photon absorption 2pa spectroscopy measures the wavelength dependent cross sections for simultaneously absorbing two photons that are individually non resonant with the electronic transitions of a molecule. Alexa 350alexa 488alexa 568alexa 594bodipyca crimsonca greenca orangecascade bluecoumarin 307dapidi 4 aneepsdi 8 aneepsdiidsredegfpfluoresceinfluo 3fura 2indo 1intrinsic fluorophoreslucifer yellowmceruleanmcfpmcitrinemegfpmvenusnadhnadh protein boundnadh in glycerolperylenepyreneqdot 535rhodamine bsapphirewtgfpyfp. The molecular two photon cross section is usually quoted in the units of goeppert mayer gm after its discoverer nobel laureate maria goeppert mayer where 1 gm is 10 50 cm 4 s photon 1.
σ σ ℏ ω. We measure the continuous 2pa spectrum using the pump probe technique with intense tunable pump pulses and broadband probe pulses. Considering the reason for these units one can see that it results from the product of two areas one for each photon each in cm 2 and a time within which the two photons must arrive to be able to act together.
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